The practice of Then is a traditional spiritual and cultural ritual unique to the Tày, Nùng, and Thái ethnic groups in Vietnam, recognized as an Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. Then holds an important place in the spiritual life and beliefs of these people, embodying their faith in deities, ancestors, and the supernatural world.
1. Meaning and Purpose
Then is a root term of the Tày and Nùng languages, meaning “heaven” or “supreme being.” The practice of Then is often associated with rituals for peace, prosperity, protection, and healing.
It serves as a means to connect people with the supernatural realm, praying for fruitful harvests, good health, and a peaceful life.
2. Rituals and Content
The Then ritual includes songs, dances, and ceremonial offerings performed by a Then master (the one who practices Then).
The Then master uses a Tính lute as the main musical instrument, accompanied by traditional songs, lyrics, and unique rhythms.
The content of Then songs is diverse, describing daily life to legendary stories about deities and journeys to “Heavenly Realms” to seek blessings for the community.
3. Musical Instruments and Attire
Tính Lute: The most important instrument, typically made of wood with a gourd-shaped resonator and 2-3 strings that produce a soft sound.
Attire: The Then master often wears traditional clothing, which may include long robes, scarves, and hats with colors symbolic of their ethnic identity.
4. Roles and Cultural Values
Then practice not only holds spiritual significance but also plays a crucial role in preserving and promoting the cultural heritage of these ethnic groups.
Then songs are passed down from generation to generation, bonding the community and showcasing the unique cultural identity of the people.
5. Development and Preservation
To preserve this heritage, educational programs, cultural performances, and festivals are organized regularly, engaging the community and attracting visitors.
Then is not only a living heritage but also an important aspect of cultural tourism development for the northern mountainous ethnic communities of Vietnam.
